Abstract Intuition is one of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and an important factor in the decision-making processes of entrepreneurs. In recent years, at the same time as the development of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary science, intuition and providing different definitions of it have not been noticed by researchers and researchers in this field, and many researches have not been written in this field. This is despite the fact that in other fields of humanities, especially management (with which entrepreneurship is closely related), basic sciences and even medical sciences, there is a suitable background and theoretical literature about this. On the other hand, it seems that the theoretical and epistemological foundations of this concept have not been researched as much as necessary in the few researches that have been conducted, and very little research has been done in this field. In this article, firstly, the definitions and researches about intuition are reviewed, and secondly, the little researches that have been done in entrepreneurship and its relationship with other sciences are discussed.

This paper presents a stable new algorithm for force/Position control in robot manipulators. In this algorithm, Position vectors are measured by sensors and then used in the control law. Since using force sensor has some issues such as high costs and technical problems, an approach is presented to overcome these issues. In this respect, force sensor is replaced by an adaptive fuzzy estimator to estimate the external force based on Position and velocity measurements. In this approach, force can be properly estimated using universal approximation property of fuzzy systems. Therefore, robots can be controlled in different environments even when no exact mathematical model is available. Since this approach is adaptive, accuracy of the system can be improved with time. Through a theorem the stability of the control system is analyzed using Lyapunov direct method. At last, satisfactory performances of the proposed approach are verified via some numerical simulations and the results are compared with some previous approaches.

This paper presents a new hierarchical robust algorithm to solve the Position Tracking problem, in presence of exogenous disturbances and modeling uncertainties, of a quadrotor helicopter. The suggested controller includes a nonlinear H∞ algorithm to track the reference trajectory in the outer loop and a nonlinear H∞ controller to stabilize the rotational movements in the inner loop. The resultant controller consists of three important parts to regulate Tracking errors for translational and rotational motions, maintain robust performance confronting random disturbances and modeling uncertainties and reject the sustained disturbances from the system to vanish the steady-state errors. Analytical study on the stability of the cascade system is mentioned to verify the compatibility of two controllers considering coupling terms. Numerical performance analysis is accomplished using Monte-Carlo simulation. Statistical results obtained from 1000 simulations considering environmental disturbances and modeling uncertainties depict less than 5 cm for Position Tracking error and less than 2 degrees for attitude Tracking error in steady state performance. The closed-loop performance of the controller is also compared with two previous algorithms by determining two numerical indexes for state Tracking performance and control efforts, respectively. Simulation results of the suggested control algorithm depict a significant reduction in both indexes for a similar mission.

Simple structure and high maneuverability of quadrotors have made them one of the most preferable types of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). However, the main problem is their small payload capacity. In this paper, a novel five-rotor UAV is introduced. Dynamical model of UAV and two nonlinear controllers for trajectory Tracking are developed. In the proposed UAV structure an extra propeller is added to the center of vehicle to improve the ability of lifting heavier payloads and open loop stability of quadrotor. The dynamic model is obtained via Newton Euler approach. The model is under actuated, nonlinear, unstable, and has strongly coupled terms. In order to have trajectory Tracking two types of nonlinear controllers are designed for the UAV. First controller is designed based on input-output feedback linearization method. This controller involves high-order derivative terms and turns out to be quite sensitive to noises and modeling uncertainty. Second controller is a back-stepping controller based on the hierarchical control strategy that yields lower computational expense. Simulation results confirm acceptable performance of back stepping controller stability, Position Tracking, and robustness in presence of external disturbance.

In this paper, the guidance and control system of a quadrotor to track the trajectory is evaluated. Control algorithms have been developed with the aim of hardware implementation capability and considering the power consumption and processing limitation of quadrotor. For this purpose, a proportional–derivative controller (PD) that control coefficients are optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) to control both the outer (Position control) and inner (attitude control) loops is implemented. Due to the disturbances and uncertainties, the effect of fuzzy control replacement on the quadrotor performance in guidance and control loops has been evaluated. The simulation results show that replacing the fuzzy controller in the guidance loop improves trajectory Tracking. Also, the performance of this controller for the quadrotor in the presence of disturbance and uncertainties was proved.

In this paper, modeling and feedback linearization controller for trajectory Tracking of a novel sixrotor UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is developed. Because of the very simple structure and high maneuverability, quadrotors are one of the most preferred types of UAVs but the main problem in using them is their small payload. In the proposed novel model, two coaxial propellers are added to the center of vehicle to improve the ability of lifting heavier payloads, and to surpass anticrosswind capability of quadrotor, while the dynamic and steering principle is preserved. The dynamic model is obtained via Newton Euler approach. Model is under actuated, nonlinear, and has strongly coupled terms. Also, two types of nonlinear controllers are presented. The first is a conventional input-output feedback linearization controller which involves high-order derivative terms and turns out to be quite sensitive to sensor noise as well as modeling uncertainty. The second controller is a feedback linearization based on the hierarchical control strategy that yields easier controller. To compensate actuator’s dynamic and moreover, to avoid complexity of controller, a two-stage algorithm is utilized. The obtained simulation results confirm that the performance of hierarchical controller is more convenient in terms of Position Tracking and disturbance rejection than conventional controller.

Magnetic suspension system as an appropriate mechanism for non-touch maintaining the objects through magnetic force has become very important in many applications. Due to their instability and high nonlinearity, such systems pose a challenge to many researchers attempting to design high-performance and robust Tracking control. This paper proposes a sliding mode control strategy for a nonlinear magnetic suspension system with one degree-of-freedom. In conventional sliding mode control systems, insensitivity to uncertain parameters and external disturbances is achieved when the bounds of the uncertainty and disturbance are known. In this regard, the proposed control structure is the inertial delay control being concentratedly estimated the uncertainties of the system and unknown disturbances. The main purpose of this paper is to implement the robust output Tracking through centralized uncertainty and its estimation in which, by considering the suspension system coil current as the control input, the Position of the suspended object is maintained and the estimation error tends to zero. Simulation results indicate the designed controller on the magnetic suspension system has a good performance compared to the other methods. In addition, the proposed method is effective and the output robust Tracking, as well as the estimation of system uncertainties, are realized.

The geometric method is one of the nonlinear methods of large-scale relative motion that is used for all the eccentricity and relative distances. In this paper, the relative motion equations for perturbed orbits are developed in the presence of third body. The purpose of this paper is to design a control law to track and control the relative attitude of one satellite in the presence of Position dynamics and uncertainty of the moment of inertia. For the orientation of satellite, it is first necessary through the theory of relative motion, to obtain some relative parameters such as Position and relative velocity, and so on. The geometric method is used to obtain relative parameters. After obtaining relative parameters, we must track and control the dynamic equations for the target trajectory. Due to the uncertainty in the dynamics of the system, a robust controller must be used to obtain control law. Sliding mode control theory is used to obtain control law. The uncertainty in the satellite inertia is considered due to fuel sloshing during this maneuver. Finally, an appropriate control law is designed that is resistant to uncertainties and has good accuracy.

Introduction: The porpuse of present study is to Tracking the mission and Position of the school library in upstream documents such as the Perspective Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the Horizon of 1404, the Constitution, the Sixth Five-Year Law on Economic, Social and Cultural Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Document of the Scientific Comprehensive Map of the Country, the Document of the Cultural Engineering Map of the Country, the Document of the Fundamental Transformation of Education and National Curriculum. Methodology: This descriptive research was performed by documentary method and qualitative content analysis based on the missions of the school library from the perspective of IFLA in the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Maxqda software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The objectives of school libraries were placed in three main cultural, technological and educational categories according to the 13 missions of the school library from the perspective of IFLA. Among the documents examined, the school library is mentioned directly four times. The perspective Document, the Sixth Development Plan, the Scientific Comprehensive Map of the Country, the Fundamental Transformation Document and National Curriculum on Culture, the Constitution, and the Cultural Engineering Map on Education have the most important goals related to the school library. The goals related to technology are also significant in the Perspective Document, the Sixth Development Plan and the Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country. Conclusion: The diversity of categories and themes identified in the three documents of the Country's Cultural Engineering Plan, the Document of Fundamental Transformation and the National Curriculum in relation to the mission of the school library, shows the high potential of the above three documents in guiding the mission and function of the school library. In the paragraphs related to the mission of the school library in the upstream documents, the school library is not directly mentioned, but many of these missions can be followed, realized and implemented by education and in particular school libraries. These libraries will be able to achieve the major scientific, educational, cultural and technological missions of the country, as well as other educational, social and cultural institutions of the country, provided that they have the necessary support such as receiving budget, facilities and equipment acting as powerful arms and prepare the ground for the growth and excellence of their users, first and foremost, the citizens of every society.